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Charles de Ligne, 2nd Prince of Arenberg
Princely Count Charles of Arenberg, duke of Aarschot (jure uxoris), baron of Zevenbergen, knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, (Vollenhove, 22 February 1550 – Enghien, 18 January 1616) was the second Princely Count of Arenberg〔Sources give his title in different ways for example in the treaty between Spain and Great Britain 18/24 1604, Charles of Arenberg was a plenipotentiary and his name is recorded as Charles prince-count of Arenberg (Frances Gardiner Davenport, Charles O. Paullin. ''European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies'', The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2004 ISBN 1584774223, 9781584774228 (pp. 246,257 )〕 and a leading aristocrat of the Habsburg Netherlands, who served as a courtier, soldier, minister and diplomat.
==Background and early years==
Charles of Arenberg was the eldest son of Jean de Ligne and Margaretha von der Mark, countess of Arenberg. As his mother was the sister and sole heiress of Robert III von der Marck-Arenberg, the marriage contract of his parents stipulated that he would bear the title, name and arms of Arenberg.〔Derez a.o. (2002) p. 151.〕 On 5 March 1576, Emperor Maximilian II raised his mother and her heirs to the rank of Princely Counts, thereby promoting them to the Council of Princes of the Imperial Diet.〔d'Arenberg (1951) pp.3-45.〕 Apart from the immediate princely county of Arenberg, the family owned extensive properties in the duchy of Brabant (the lordships of Vorselaar, Loenhout and Humbeek), the duchy of Luxembourg (the lordship of Mirwart and half of Neufchâteau) and the county of Holland (the barony of Zevenbergen and the lordships of Terschelling and Naaldwijk).〔Derez (2002) pp. 153-193.〕
At the age of ten, Charles of Arenberg was sent to the court of Albert V of Bavaria, where he would remain for three years. In 1566 he set out on a grand tour, visiting Paris, Lyon, Venice, Rome, Naples, Palermo, Malta, Florence and Strasbourg and studying law at the University of Bologna. He returned to the Netherlands shortly after the outbreak of the Dutch Revolt and the death of his father in the battle of Heiligerlee. His mother wanted him to stay neutral in the revolt and used her influence to have him sent on diplomatic missions. In 1570 he joined Archduchess Anna of Austria and her two brothers, the Archdukes Albert and Wenceslaus on their journey to the court of Philip II. From there, the king sent him on a mission to Charles IX of France to salute the birth of Marie Elisabeth of Valois. On his way back from a pilgrimage (1573) to Rome and Loreto, Charles of Arenberg accompanied the widowed Elisabeth of Austria from Nancy to the Imperial Court in Vienna (1575–1576). During his stay in Vienna Arenberg was raised to a princely county. In the mean time the rebellious States of Holland had confiscated his estates in 1572. After a brief restitution in 1577, they were once again seized in 1579. In the process these properties suffered considerable damage.〔Tytgat (1994) pp. 7-13.〕
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